Ziqi Xu

I am a fifth-year Ph.D. student in Computer Science at Washington University in St. Louis, advised by Prof. Chenyang Lu in the AI for Health Institute. My research focuses on multimodal and trustworthy AI for healthcare, with the goal of supporting clinical decision-making. Prior to my Ph.D., I earned my Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from WashU, graduating summa cum laude. During my undergraduate studies, I conducted research under the guidance of Prof. Lu on machine learning for healthcare.

Research Interests

My research focuses on developing reliable and deployable AI systems for healthcare. I am particularly interested in the following directions:

  • Trustworthy and Uncertainty-Aware Machine Learning: I design methods to quantify uncertainty in both traditional models and large language models. My research introduces modality-specific uncertainty estimation and reliability-aware fusion strategies for safer deployment in clinical decision-making.
  • Multimodal AI for Healthcare: I develop predictive models that integrate wearable sensing data, ecological momentary assessments, structured electronic health records and unstructured clinical notes by leveraging complementary information across modalities and modeling their interactions.
  • EHR-Based Prediction and Patient Phenotyping: I apply machine learning to electronic health records, clinical surveys, and population health data to predict clinical risk, identify patient phenotypes through clustering, and support treatment decisions.

I collaborate with interdisciplinary teams across Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery, and Public Health, with applications spanning surgical outcome prediction, treatment effect estimation, disease phenotyping, and global health.

News

Sep 2026

I am happy to serve as a Graduate Student Advisory Board Member for the WashU Center for Career Engagement (2026–2027).

Aug 2026

I wrapped up my summer internship at Apple in San Diego, where I worked on applied agentic workflows for hardware, and was invited to give my final presentation at Apple Park.

May 2026

I was invited to present our work “Using AI to Predict Post-surgical Headache Improvement for Chiari I and Syringomyelia” at the 2026 THINK TANK Meeting in San Antonio, TX.

May 2026

I will join Apple as a summer intern in San Diego, working on applied machine learning for display products. I’ll be focusing on leveraging large language models and transformer-based systems to support real-world products.

Nov 2025

I successfully defended my Ph.D. dissertation proposal on Trustworthy Multimodal AI for Personalized Healthcare!

Mar 2025

I successfully passed my Ph.D. Qualifying Exam!

Aug 2022

I am excited to start my Ph.D. at Washington University in St. Louis, advised by Dr. Chenyang Lu.

Selected projects

View more projects →

Uncertainty Quantification & Trustworthy AI

Methods that let clinical models recognize when they may be wrong — from modality-specific uncertainty in multimodal fusion to uncertainty–risk alignment in language models — so predictions can be trusted, or deferred to clinicians, appropriately.

IMWUT 2025

Incorporating Uncertainty in Predictive Models Using Mobile Sensing and Clinical Data: A Case Study on Persistent Post-surgical Pain

Ziqi Xu, Jingwen Zhang, Simon Haroutounian, Hanyang Liu, Zihan Cao, Gabrielle Rose Messner, Harutyun B. Alaverdyan, Saivee Ahuja, Rahul Koshy, Joel Hanns, Madelyn Frumkin, Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Chenyang Lu

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), Vol. 9, No. 2, Article 58, June 2025 (33 pages)

Presented at ACM UbiComp / ISWC 2025 (Helsinki, Finland).

ACL 2026

CURA: Clinical Uncertainty Risk Alignment for Language Model–Based Risk Prediction

Sizhe Wang, Ziqi Xu, Claire Najjuuko, Yuyang Wu, C. Alba, Chenyang Lu

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2026), Main Conference.

Multimodal Mobile Sensing & Wearables

Predictive models that fuse wearable signals, ecological momentary assessments, and clinical data to forecast multi-dimensional recovery and pain outcomes for surgical patients.

IMWUT 2024

Predicting Multi-dimensional Surgical Outcomes with Multi-modal Mobile Sensing: A Case Study with Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery

Ziqi Xu, Jingwen Zhang, Jacob Greenberg, Madelyn Frumkin, Saad Javeed, Justin K. Zhang, Braeden Benedict, Kathleen Botterbush, Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Wilson Z. Ray, Chenyang Lu

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT), Vol. 8, No. 2, Article 81, June 2024 (30 pages)

Presented at ACM UbiComp / ISWC 2024 (Melbourne, Australia).

Neurosurgery 2026

Real-Time Symptom and Wearable Monitoring May Improve Prediction of Postoperative Recovery in Lumbar Spine Surgery Beyond Standard Measures

Salim Yakdan*, Ziqi Xu* (equal contribution), Jingwen Zhang, Faraz Arkam, Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Burel R. Goodin, Brian J. Neuman, Michael P. Steinmetz, Michael P. Kelly, Shay Bess, Jang Yoon, Wilson Z. Ray, Chenyang Lu, Madelyn R. Frumkin, Jacob K. Greenberg

Neurosurgery, 2026.

EHR & Clinical Data: Prediction and Patient Phenotyping

Machine learning on structured EHR, survey, and population health data to discover patient subgroups through clustering and phenotyping, predict clinical risk, and support treatment decisions.

Neurosurgery

Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify Three Presenting Phenotypes of Chiari Type-1 Malformation and Syringomyelia

Vivek Prakash Gupta*, Ziqi Xu* (equal contribution), Jacob K. Greenberg, Jennifer Mae Strahle, Gabriel Haller, Thanda Meehan, Ashley Roberts, David D. Limbrick Jr., Chenyang Lu

Neurosurgery 96(6):1341–1352, June 2025.

Nature Communications

Patterns of maternal and child health services utilization and associated socioeconomic disparities in sub-Saharan Africa

Claire Najjuuko, Ziqi Xu, Samuel Kizito, Chenyang Lu, Fred M. Ssewamala

Nature Communications vol. 16, Article 7840 (2025). Published 22 August 2025.

Honors & Awards

  • Anthropic AI for Science Program, $5,000 research credit award (proposal lead), 2026
  • WashU Big Ideas Competition, $50K Research Award (team member), 2025
  • Doctoral Honors, top 15–20% in WashU’s Periodic Review of Doctoral Students, 2024–2026
  • Outstanding Reviewer, Journal of Digital Health, 2025
  • Dean’s Select Ph.D. Fellowship, Washington University in St. Louis, 2022–2027
  • Summa Cum Laude, Washington University in St. Louis, 2022

Service & Mentoring

  • Program Committee: ACM CIKM Workshop on Large-scale AI for Sensing Systems (LASS) 2026; International Multi-Conference on Artificial Intelligence Technology 2026
  • Reviewer: ICLR 2027, ACL Rolling Review 2026; NPJ Digital Medicine, Nature Communications (early-career co-reviewer), ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare, Scientific Reports, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, BMC Anesthesiology, Journal of Digital Health
  • Community: Graduate Student Advisory Board Member, WashU Center for Career Engagement (2026–2027); Volunteer Organizer, WashU AI for Health Symposium (2024–2026) and AI for Health Venture Day (2026); Test Writer & Tournament Volunteer, WashU Science Olympiad (2026–2027)
  • Mentoring: Mentored eight students (Ph.D., M.S., undergraduate, and medical) in multimodal sensing, uncertainty quantification, and clinical machine learning; five mentees co-authored publications, three as first or co-first author